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Menstrutation - symptom, Treatment of Menstrutation

Menstrutation Information

Cyclical vaginal bleeding induced by hormonal proliferation and shedding of the uterine lining.

• The length of the menstrual cycle is the time betWeen the onset of one bleeding to the start of the next menstrual bleed.
• The average length of the menstrual cycle is 28+/- 3 days.
• The averageduration of a menstrual bleed is 4:t2 days.
• Longer cyclesare usually seen closer to menarche and menopause.

Symptoms for Menstrutation

Menstruation occurs because the uterine lining undergoes changes in response to plasma levels of ovarian hormones. As the levels of estrogen and progesterone fall, the blood vessels of the uterus go into spasm and the upper layers of its lining are shed.
Body temperature varies during the menstrual cycle, increasing by 0.3 to 0.50 C after ovulation and retUrning to
normal on the beginning of menstruation.

Menstrutation Issues

Menstrual cramps (Dysmenorrhoea):They are common, especially in the early years after menarche. Cramps can be eased by a warm bath (sitz bath), frequent urination, plenty of water and weak tea.Physical activity should be encouraged in the young. Anti-spasmodics and NSAIDs should be avoided.

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding:

• .Irregular or absent menstruation is more often an indication of ovarian function rather than uterine disease.
• Regular but heavy bleeding is more likely to be due to uterine problems like fibroids.
• Regular but scanty bleeding (spotting) may be because of outflow problems due to scarring from earlier uterine or cervical (of the uterine cervix) disease.
• Regular menstruation + intermittent bleeding during the cycle is also most often due to uterine and cervical problems.
• Irregular, unpredictable bleeding (usually painless) is called dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB).
• Normal menstruation takes place on the withdrawal of progesterone from a uterine lining. that is already under the influence of estrogen.
• In DUB this sequence is disrupted.The commonest SOftis estrogenwithdrawal bleeding in which there is continuous estrogen action on the uterine lining uninterrupted by cyclical progesterone influence.

Treatment for Menstrutation

• Bleeding from the vagina cannot be presumed to have only one source, i.e. the uterus.Hence, visit a gynecologist for internal examination
• All menstrual problems are investigated with ultrasound imaging of the genital tract.
  Further investigations are decided by individual features.

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